Law Notes LAWS1052 - Introduction to Law and Justice (ILJ) Notes
The complete notes for ILJ. These notes tackle all the finer details of concepts like the rule of law and judicial activism (including run-downs of Kirby and Heydon's differing arguments). The notes have subheadings and page numbers for easy access and simplicity. Good Luck in your exams, I hope these help you out. The essay plans include a complete outline of any likely essay topics, including sub-themes, academic opinion, case law and, bonus points to shoot you out above the rest....
The following is a more accessible plain text extract of the PDF sample above, taken from our LAWS1052 - Introduction to Law and Justice (ILJ) Notes. Due to the challenges of extracting text from PDFs, it will have odd formatting:
ESSAY PLANS
Rule of Law 2
Precedent 4
Separation of Powers 6
Professional Responsibility and Identity 7
Equity and Common Law 9
Judicial Decision Making 12
Answering Intentional Torts Problem 15
Answering Statutory Interpretation Question 16
Basic principles of the Rule of Law
All people are subject to the law
Sets boundaries on how people and government can operate
Attorney General (NSW) v Trethowan (1931) {p.200}
Prevents arbitrary use of power
Legal authorization needed for executive action
No source of authority outside law
We know we have the rule of law because we settle disputes with words rather than violence. Yet, arguments that are arisen out of the context of the rule of law have ended in death
Prohibitions to be specific rather than general
Law should be prospective, not retrospective
Predictability: law is known and accessible
Judicial activism? We rely on judges to help outline what the law is in simple terms, yet they become bias to their personal beliefs, therefore one can assume that their definitions and understandings are not necessarily inline with the parliamentary intention of the law
Freedom from arbitrary arrest
Independent and trustworthy
Lawyers and the rule of law
Restrains their arbitrary use of power
EG: Lawyers movement in Pakistan {p.428}
After protests following the horrendous ruling of General Perves Musharraf, a military dictator, judges and lawyers were being dismissed from their positions in society in attempt to silence. In the end, the uproar calmed and it was evident that the government cannot interfere with the independence of the judiciary. This is a primary example of the operation of the rule of law in protecting against arbitrary use of power.
‘The Pakistan Lawyers’ Movement and the Popular Currency of Judicial Power’ (2010) 123 Harvard Law Review 1705
EG: People who died protecting some element of the rule of law; Mahatma Gandhi, Sir Thomas More, Giovanni Falcone
EG: Giovanni Falcone
Prosecutor against the mafia, spent most of working life fighting to stop the mafia. Began working as a magistrate who strived to end the uproar that was the lifestyle of the mafia
Named a hero of the past 60 years in a special edition of Time Magazine in November 2006
Judges and the Rule of law – Judicial Activism
Heydon description of the rule of law {‘Judicial Activism and the Death of the Rule of Law’ (2004) Dyson Heydon}
The rule of law prevents citizens from being exposed to the uncontrolled decisions of others in conflict with them
Without the rule of law, states are nothing but robber bands
Operates as a bar of untrammeled discretionary power
Preserves citizens an area of liberty
Dilutes and diffuses power
All parties are intrinsically important yet unequal in strength
Heydon’s understanding of judicial activism
Using judicial power for a purpose other than what it is granted
“Strict logic and high technique”
A court faced with the choice of doing justice according to the existing law and seeking to overcome injustice by effecting a significant change in the law should generally apply the existing law and leave it to parliament to make a new and just law if it desires
Judicial law making conflicts with legislative policy and intrudes the true role of arms of government – conflicting separation of powers
Loyalty to precedent is important because it increases the chance of obtaining certainty
Disloyalty to precedent gives judges uncontrolled discretionary power
Precedent in upholding the rule of law – judicial activism debate
Heydon’s understanding of judicial activism
Using judicial power for a purpose other than what it is granted
“Strict logic and high technique”
A court faced with the choice of doing justice according to the existing law and seeking to overcome injustice by effecting a significant change in the law should generally apply the existing law and leave it to parliament to make a new and just law if it desires
Judicial law making conflicts with legislative policy and intrudes the true role of arms of government – conflicting separation of powers
Loyalty to precedent is important because it increases the chance of obtaining certainty
Disloyalty to precedent gives judges uncontrolled discretionary power
Kirby’s arguments for judicial activism {Judicial activism? A riposte to the counter-reformation (2005)}
Judicial activism is hardly a persuasive response to an important and universal feature of the judicial role
Judges have a duty to be honest about choices and one they prefer one over another
Judicial activism
Metaphorical treason against the constitution
Relates back to citizens – it concerns the way “their” law is made
Precedent and upholding the rule of law
For precedent
Equality and consistency
Certainty and predictability
Judicial activism
Efficiency
Against precedent
How does a doctrine, which is meant to ensure consistency and predictability, also allow for change?
Abiding by the social context of a problem
Predictability shouldn’t be of the outcome, it should be in predicting a reflection of societial context
The tools of precedent must be used to determine an outcome that develops something new
The role of the judge is to interpret legislation – however they see fit
Precedent and Negligence
Cases of negligence:
Donoghue V Stevenson
Found snail in ginger beer
Langridge v Levy (1837)
Father buys a gun for his son, when the son goes to use the gun it is faulty because it was not made by they professional gun maker that it claimed to be made by
Although the father gifted then gun to the son, the son sues the gun maker for negligence in gun making
Winterbottom v Wright (1842)
The defendant provided a coach to the plaintiff – through 2 other contracts with others including coachmen and horses – who was injured in a crash caused by the faulty coach
George v Skivingotn (1896)
The defendant...
Buy the full version of these notes or essay plans and more in our LAWS1052 - Introduction to Law and Justice (ILJ) Notes.
The complete notes for ILJ. These notes tackle all the finer details of concepts like the rule of law and judicial activism (including run-downs of Kirby and Heydon's differing arguments). The notes have subheadings and page numbers for easy access and simplicity. Good Luck in your exams, I hope these help you out. The essay plans include a complete outline of any likely essay topics, including sub-themes, academic opinion, case law and, bonus points to shoot you out above the rest....
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